What Causes Cataracts?

Cataracts are among the most common causes of vision impairment, particularly in older adults. But what exactly causes this clouding of the eye's lens, and why does it happen? In Rapid City, South Dakota, and Casper, Wyoming, Cory Bergman, MD, uses advanced cataract surgery and his expertise to keep you informed and restore clear vision.

Let’s break it down and explore the factors contributing to cataract formation.

Understanding cataracts and how they affect vision

A cataract occurs when the clear lens inside your eye becomes cloudy. Located just behind the iris (the colored part of the eye), the lens focuses light onto the retina, allowing you to see clearly. Light cannot pass through as easily when the lens becomes cloudy, resulting in blurred or dimmed vision.

Cataracts can develop slowly and affect one eye or both. While cataracts are a natural part of aging, they can also result from other causes.

Aging and cataracts

Getting older is the most common cause of cataracts. As we age, the proteins in the eye's lens begin to break down and clump together, forming cloudy areas. The natural aging process typically starts around age 40, though it doesn’t always become noticeable until later in life.

Many people experience some degree of cataract development by age 60, though not everyone will need surgery. Aging is the leading cause, but it’s not the only one.

Genetics and family history

Your family history plays a significant role in whether you develop cataracts. If your parents or grandparents had cataracts, you might also be more likely to experience them. Genetic factors can influence how quickly the lens in your eye breaks down, leading to earlier or more severe cataract development. 

Inherited conditions like congenital cataracts can also affect infants and children, although these are less common.

Trauma and injury

Sometimes, cataracts develop as a result of an eye injury. Whether it’s a blow to the eye or a deep scratch to the cornea, trauma can disrupt the lens and lead to cataract formation. Cloudiness might not occur immediately after the injury, but it can develop over time. Monitoring your vision is vital if you’ve had a significant eye injury. Let us know about any concerns.

Certain medications and health conditions

Medications like corticosteroids, which treat inflammation and autoimmune problems, can trigger cataracts by changing your eye lens. If you have diabetes, you might get cataracts earlier than others because high blood sugar can cloud your lens.

Exposure to UV rays and environmental factors

Protect your eyes from UV rays because too much sun exposure can damage your lens and cause cataracts over time. Always wear UV-blocking sunglasses when you're outside. Watch out for pollution and toxic chemicals, too. They can harm your eyes and make cataracts more likely.

Lifestyle factors and poor nutrition

Your diet plays a key role in eye health. Diets low in antioxidants or essential vitamins, like vitamins C and E, may contribute to cataract development. Antioxidants help protect your eyes from free radical damage, and a lack of these nutrients can speed up the aging of your lenses. 

Smoking is a major risk factor too. The harmful chemicals in cigarettes can accelerate the clouding of the lens, particularly in those already at risk due to age or other factors. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and vitamins can help protect your eyes.

Can cataracts be prevented? 

While cataracts are a natural part of aging, many risk factors can be controlled. Wearing sunglasses with UV protection, quitting smoking, and managing health conditions like diabetes can all help reduce the risk of developing cataracts. A healthy diet rich in antioxidants and regular eye check-ups can help maintain good vision as you age.

Managing cataract risk factors

Cataracts are a complex condition with multiple causes. Natural aging, lifestyle choices, and genetic factors all can play a role. While aging is the most common cause, other factors like family history, injury, certain medications, and environmental exposures can also contribute to cataract development. 

Fortunately, you can monitor and manage cataracts effectively with proper care and regular eye exams. If you notice any changes in your vision, schedule your appointment online or call our office to discuss your concerns.